Solid nonmyxoid, myxoid pleomorphic adenomalike, reticular canalicularlike or mixed patterns of myoepithelial cells with no ductal differentiation plasmacytoid cells, spindle cells, clear cells, epithelioid cells, oncocytic cells, hyaline cells mucoid or hyaline stroma, rarely lipomatous rarely synchronous with adenoid cystic carcinoma. Myoepithelial cells are stellateshaped and also known as basket cells. Myoepithelial carcinoma is a rare malignant cancerous tumor that usually occurs in the salivary glands in the mouth, but can also occur in skin and soft tissues. In mixed glands, the mucous acini are capped by a serous demilune. Jan 29, 20 myoepithelial cells in health where it is found. Lesions of salivary glands with a prominent lymphoid component are a heterogeneous group of diseases that include benign reactive lesions and malignant neoplasms. Isolation, characterization, and functional analysis of human salivary gland myoepithelial cells for use in tissue regeneration. Nineteen strains were derived from normal tissues and. The basic secretory units of salivary glands are clusters of cells called an acinus. Plasma cells expressing igg, iga and igm were quantified in labial salivary glands from patients with sjogrens syndrome n 25 and compared with glands from patients with a variety of systemic diseases n 32 and normal individuals n 15.
They are found in the sweat glands, mammary glands, lacrimal glands, and salivary glands. Salivary gland simple english wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. The aetiology of the salivary gland tumour is mainly described by the multicellular theory, by which each cell type can give rise to a specific type of. However, you should know the locations and characteristics of the salivary glands. These products are synthesized by acinar cells and stored in cytoplasmic granules. To analyze the stem cell characteristics of these spheres now termed salispheres, common stem cell markers sca1, ckit, and musashi1 were fluorescently labeled and visualized in culture.
Wehavefoundonly onecase fromthe united kingdomdescribed 419 as epithelial myoepithelial carcinoma,12 although the parotid clear cell adenoma reported by corridan in 1956 was almost certainlyanother. Collectively, the primary function of these glands is the production and secretion of saliva. They can be divided into two distinct exocrine groups, the major salivary glands and the minor salivary glands. Enzymes used in digestive system are produced by specialised cells in glands and in the gut lining. Thetumorhasadistinctivehistopathologic pattern with a proliferation of. Pathophysiology of myoepithelial cells in salivary glands ncbi. Cellspecific cre strains for genetic manipulation in salivary glands. The basic structure of a salivary gland tissue is a branching tubule or duct that has the princi pal secretory cells, the acinar cells, at the ends. Pathophysiology of myoepithelial cells in salivary glands. A salivary gland can consist of a varied mixture of these types of end pieces. On the function of myoepithelial cells in salivary glands. Jul 24, 2014 the in vitro results suggest that these sphereforming cells originate from salivary gland ducts and are able to differentiate into amylaseproducing, acinarlike cells. They are present in salivary glands, mammary gland, sweat gland and lacrimal gland.
The anatomy and physiology of salivary glands benefits of saliva is that it is easily available for noninvasive collection and analysis. We present a rare case of emc arising in the submandiblar gland with two recurrences at intervals of one year. The sections show a stratified squamous epithelium with a thin layer of parakeratosis, minor salivary glands, and a wellcircumscribed cystic lesion. An analysis of the heterogeneous culture indicates the existence of several morphological types of cells, including small, densely packed cells of cuboidal or polygonal shapes and large, rounded cells. In western countries, salivary gland lymphoepitheliallike carcinomas are uncommon and only 14 cases have been described so far. Human salivary gland stem cells ameliorate hyposalivation of. Sep 10, 2018 epithelial myoepithelial carcinoma emc of salivary gland is a malignant epithelial tumor, composed of two distinct cell types, affecting either the major or minor salivary glands.
Epithelialmyoepithelial carcinoma of salivary glands. They also act as tumor suppressor and are considered very. Each cell consists of a cell body from which four to eight processes radiate and embrace the secretory unit. It is concluded that rapid emptying of saliva in the mouth and a maintained flow at a high rate of the viscous saliva is promoted by contractions of the myoepithelial cells. We report a new case, which occurred in a 48yearold woman whose disease had metastasized to regional lymph nodes. A cell culture that preserves its phenotype up to the 20th passage was obtained from mouse submandibular salivary glands. On the innervation of salivary glands and treatment of. Normal and neoplastic myoepithelial cells in salivary glands. Salivary glands these produce amylase enzyme in the saliva. Pdf myoepithelial cells mecs are considered to be a key participant in most salivary. Single cell clones purified from human parotid glands display. We have established 22 independent salivary gland epithelial cell strains from parotid or submandibular glands of human or macaque origin.
There are numerous small salivary glands within the tongue, lips cheeks and palate. Salivary hypofunction, which commonly occurs as a result of radiation damage caused to salivary glands sgs by treatment of head and neck cancer, causes xerostomia, swallowing difficulty, loss of. In these populations, it is usually associated with epsteinbarr virus. The secretory acinar cells of the salivary gland are essential for saliva secretion, but are also the cell type preferentially lost following radiation. Lymphoepitheliallike carcinoma of the parotid gland. After ligation of the parotid duct, the hematoxylin and eosin staining results showed that alveolar cells gradually disappeared, while a. Proliferative activity of myoepithelial cells in irradiated. Collectively, the paired parotid, submandibular, and sublingual glands are referred to as the major salivary glands figure 61. Each major salivary gland produces a specific proportion of. Eosinophilic or clear cell glycogen with sheets, trabeculae, acini or follicular patterns of monotonous large polygonal cells with well defined cell borders, deeply eosinophilic, granular cytoplasm, small round nuclei. In salivary glands and other exocrine glands, there are starshaped cells lying. Jul 15, 20 primary lymphoepitheliallike carcinoma of the parotid gland is a rare tumour with an increased incidence among eskimos and orientals.
Myoepithelial cells are believed to be of ectodermal origin. Implantation of adult mouse salivary gland stem cells restored gland function when implanted into irradiated glands nanduri et al. The salivary glands in mammals are exocrine glands that produce saliva through a system of. Primary clear cell tumors of the salivary glands include epithelial myoepithelial carcinoma, clear cell carcinoma, and clear cell myoepithelial carcinoma. Minor salivary glands located in the walls of oral cavity and in tongue. Myoepithelial cells are smooth muscle like cells having epithelial origin. Epithelial myoepithelial carcinoma comprises intercalated ductlike structures with an inner component of epithelial cells, surrounded by an outer component of clear myoepithelial cells. The salivary glands produce saliva, which contains several enzymes that have a crucial role in the digestion of food, especially starches and fats. The structure and function of myoepithelial cells in salivary. Emec tends to grow in a bulky lobulated fashion,withnecrosisandhyalinizationoflarge tumornodules. Salivary glands anatomy saliva secretion histology salivary proteins. Epithelialmyoepithelial carcinoma of salivary gland.
Myoepithelial cells mec are found in the secretory units of many mammalian exocrine glands such as mammary, sweat, lacrimal and salivary glands. Cells of mouse submandibular salivary gland in culture in. Thompson salivary glands for dummies 20 adenoid cystic carcinoma histology luminal ductal cells and abluminal modified myoepithelial cells tracking nerves is a hallmark peri or intraneural encapsulated tumors minor salivary glands can be difficult to diagnosis histomorphologically polymorphous but cytomorphologically uniform. Three cases were retrieved from the files at the massachusetts general hospital mgh. Myoepithelial cells in these cases constitute the basal cell layer of an epithelium that harbors the epithelial progenitor. Epithelialmyoepithelial carcinoma emc of the salivary gland is a lowgrade carcinoma with a predilection for the parotid gland. The glands are inside a capsule, of connective tissue. Twentythree neoplasms arising in major and minor salivary glands have been found to be composed of two types of myoepithelial cellsthe plasmacytoid and spindlecell form. Mecs play an important role in supporting the morphogenesis, differentiation and polarization of salivary acini.
Secret iga by plasma cells in ct of salivary glands. It is observed in a wide age category of children and adults. They envelop the glandular, acinar, and ductal elements of various organs, especially breast and salivary glands. These cells secrete a fluid that contains water, electrolytes, mucus, and enzymes, all of which flow out of the acinus into collecting ducts. Within the cell the secretory product is usually in the form of secretory granules. Mar 01, 2015 myoepithelial cells mec are found in the secretory units of many mammalian exocrine glands such as mammary, sweat, lacrimal and salivary glands. Following radiotherapy of the head and neck region, salivary gland dysfunction is a predictable sideeffect. The fine anatomical and histological details will be covered in other courses. Full text get a printable copy pdf file of the complete article 1.
Myoepithelial cell, neoplasm, salivary gland tumor. Myoepithelial cells are epithelial in origin but have contractile functions. An immunohistochemical study shojiroh morinaga, md, takashi nakajima, md, and yukio shimosato, md to determine the difference between normal and neoplastic myoepithelial cells, we performed immunoperoxidase staining for contractile proteins actin and myosin and intermediate filament proteins vimentin and 55to 57kilodalfon. Immunity in the salivary gland british society for immunology. Abstract prior to 2003, only 39 cases of oncocytic carcinoma of salivary gland origin had been reported in the englishlanguage literature. Morphological features of the minor salivary glands. Salivary gland dysfunction refers to either xerostomia the symptom of dry mouth or salivary gland hypofunction reduced production of saliva. Biological changes of myoepithelial cells in atrophic glands after. Different enzymes catalyse the breakdown of different food molecules. Salivary glands are compound, tubuloacinar,merocrine, exocrine glands the ducts of whichopen into the oral cavity. In salivary glands, the myoepithelial cells that surround the intercalated ducts are spindled in contrast to the large stellate ones that envelop the acini. To study the regulation of human salivary type gene expression we developed cell culture systems to support the growth and serial cultivation of salivary gland epithelial and fibroblastic cell types. The cystic lesion has a mildly fibrotic appearing wall, is lined by histiocytes intermixed with rare lymphocytes, and contains mucous and macrophages.
Isolation, characterization, and functional analysis of human. What links here related changes upload file special pages permanent link. Jun 03, 2016 the human salivary gland system is composed of glands that are found in and around the mouth and throat. Myoepithelial cells mec of the salivary glands in health. Salivary gland anatomy n parotid gland n submandibular gland n sublingual gland n minor glands it is not our intent to cover anatomy during this course. Plasma cell populations in labial salivary glands from. Latin myoepitheliocytus myoepithelium usually found in the glandular epithelium above basement membrane and beneath luminal cellsfound in the sweat glands, mammary glands, lacrimal glands, and salivary glands 5. This chapter will provide an overview of the functions of saliva, the anatomy and. They are interposed between the secretory cells and the basal lamina. The acinar cells produce either serous or mucous secretion, which contains water.
Pdf epithelialmyoepithelial carcinoma of the parotid gland. In addition, myoepithelial cells surround the end piece, their function being to assist in propelling. Oral histology dent 205 summer semester 20052006 salivary glands characteristics compound more than one tubule entering the main duct tubuloacinar morphology of secreting cells merocrine only secretion of the cell is released exocrine secretion onto a free surface physiology stimulantstaste and mastication autonomic nervous system afferent nerves salivary. Approximately 66% of these tumors occur in a part of the salivary gland, known as the parotid gland. Normal and neoplastic myoepithelial cells in salivary. May 20, 20 salivary gland structure and function 1. A gland consists of specialized type of cells, wherein they produce products which are used elsewhere in the body. It can be used to monitor the presence and levels of hormones, drugs, antibodies, microorganisms and ions. Occasionally, these pathologic entities present difficulties in the clinical. They play vital role during expulsion of saliva and regulates the electrolytic exchange.
Histochemical studies of myoepithelial cells were undertaken in order to provide further information about the structure and function of these cells in their normal environment in salivary glands and as an aid in their identification in abnormal situations such as in salivary gland tumours. Salivary glands are composed mainly of parenchymal cells acini and myoepithelial cells mecs. Losito nsbotti gionna fpasquinelli gminenna pbisceglia m clearcell myoepithelial carcinoma of the salivary glands. Salivary gland structure and function linkedin slideshare. These may be positive for alpha smooth muscle actin and can contract and expel the secretions of exocrine glands. Humans also have four large glands termed the parotid, submaxillary, submandibular and sublingual salivary glands. Epithelialmyoepithelial carcinoma of the parotid gland. Saliva is produced in and secreted from salivary glands.
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